Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity of Crude Methanolic Extracts from Various Macrofungi Species

Özet

Mushrooms are considered to be an important natural resource for the investigation of new compounds with antimicrobial, anti-tumor or
immunomodulatory effects because of their secondary metabolites and degrading enzymes. In this study, antibacterial and antitumor
potential of Cantharellus cibarius, Clitocybe geotropa, Gyromitra esculenta, Lactarius delicious, Melanoleuca exscissa, Ramaria flava,
Sarcosphaera crassa, Morchella sp., Stereum hirsutum and Trametes versicolor mushrooms collected from Mugla region have been
investigated with disc diffusion method and MTT assay, respectively. Among all mushroom extracts, M. exscissa extract showed the highest
antimicrobial effect on E. coli (22 mm, 80 µg/disc inhibition zone). It was observed that 8 out of 16 mushroom extracts did not show any
effect on all test microorganisms, the others formed up to 9 mm inhibition zone in diameters. In addition, a total of 16 mushroom extracts
(400 µg/ml) were tested on 5 different cancer cell lines. It was detected that some of the extracts decreased cell proliferation but the others
increased. The extracts from 7 different species of Morchella showed cytotoxic effect on the K-562 cell line. However, all of the extracts
from other mushrooms exhibited cytotoxic effects on A-549 cell line. The highest cytotoxic effect on cancer cells was observed with M.
deliciosa extract on CCC-221 cell line (79%) and with M. distants extract on K-562 cell line (72%). It was found that Trametes versicolor
extract was the most effective extract among other mushroom species and it caused 72% cytotoxicity on A-549 cell line. Consequently, these
mushrooms may be a potential source in the development of antitumor compounds. Active substances and mechanism of antitumor activity
will be clarified in a future study.